Stored-Value Hedging

Interactive · bilinear interpolation over the simulated 3×3 surface

Hedge sizing console

Set price volatility and forecast error, then read the hedge ratio, objective curve, risk statistics, and benchmark savings from the Monte Carlo surface.

Horizon

180d

Paths

12k

Budget

$9.49M

Scenario presets

Objective curve

J(h) at current conditions

σ 25.0% · cv 0.168

UNDER-HEDGED$567k$659k$751k00.250.50.751HEDGE RATIO h$501k$818knonehalfh* = 0.95

h*

0.95

High-cover interior

J(h*)

$501k

5.28% of budget

E[N]

$211k

expected net cost

CVaR95

$982k

worst 5% mean

Benchmark delta

objective saved, % of $9.49M budget

No hedge

h = 0

3.27%

Half hedge

h = 0.5

1.94%

Full hedge

h = 1

0.08%

Drag volatility up and the trough moves right. Drag forecast error up and it moves left. The optimizer is doing both at once, which is the part a static rule cannot see.

Inside the objective

Five costs, one hedge ratio

Each Monte Carlo path prices the same terms, then minimizes E[N] + σ[N] over h.

(F − P_lock) · min(D, Q_h)

Premium on used cover

The certain price of insurance: forwards cost 1.5% over the locked price, paid on every hedged unit customers actually redeem.

Σ (S_t − P_lock) · U_t

Unhedged spot exposure

Redemptions beyond the hedge are bought at spot and delivered at the stale locked price. This is the term that explodes when prices rise.

(F − S_T) · L

Close-out of unused cover

Cover the customers never claimed becomes a speculative position, unwound at whatever the price happens to be. Loses exactly when demand came in low and prices fell.

λ·m·F·Q_h · T/252

Capital cost of margin

10% initial margin financed at an 8% annual opportunity cost for the life of the hedge.

π · max_t Φ_t

Liquidity spike penalty

Cash committed to the hedge is cash unavailable when a redemption spike hits: peak shortfall is penalized at the cost of forced short-term funding.

Parameters: forward premium 1.5% · initial margin 10% · capital cost 8%/yr · liquidity penalty 2% of peak shortfall · cash buffer 10% of expected demand value · horizon 180 trading days. Full derivation in §4 of the paper.